In the posterior mediastinum, both vagus nerves send fibers to pulmonary and esophageal plexuses. The vagus nerve then enters the thorax, crossing over the subclavian artery on the right side and traveling between the common carotid and subclavian arteries on the left side.The main trunk of the vagus nerve then descends into the neck, traveling in the carotid sheath with the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the internal jugular vein (IJV), and gives off the recurrent laryngeal and superior cardiac branches.The nodose ganglion primarily conveys visceral (VA) and special sensory (SA) information. Following its exit from the jugular foramen, CN X enlarges into a second ganglion, the inferior (nodose) ganglion (~2.5 mm in length).From the jugular ganglion CN X gives off the meningeal ramus (meningeal branch) and the auricular ramus (auricular branch or Arnold’s nerve) (see the section Distinct Branches of the Vagus Nerve).The jugular ganglion contains cell bodies of sensory neurons that convey primarily somatic sensory (GSA) information. The superior (jugular) ganglion (~2.5 mm in length) lies within the jugular foramen, where it is joined by the accessory nerve (CN XI).In the jugular foramen, it lies in the posterior part (pars vascularis) along with cranial nerve (CN) XI ( Fig. The vagus nerve leaves the medulla between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle (postolivary sulcus) as eight to 10 rootlets that traverse the cerebellomedullary cistern and converge into a single trunk to exit the skull via the jugular foramen ( Figs.(1, jugular foramen 2, superior ganglion 3, inferior ganglion 4, branchial motor fibers 5, nucleus ambiguus 6, parasympathetic fibers 7, dorsal motor nucleus of CN X 8, somatic sensory fibers 9, spinal trigeminal tract 10, spinal trigeminal nucleus 11, visceral sensory fibers 12, tractus solitarius 13, nucleus solitarius 14, special sensory fibers 15, auricular branch 16, pharyngeal branches 17, superior laryngeal nerve.) 10.2 Vagus nerve: nuclear region and exit. Anatomic landmarks of the glossopharyngeal nerve: a microsurgical anatomic study. (AICA, anterior inferior cerebellar artery BA, basilar artery CP, choroid plexus FLC, flocculus O, olive VA, vertebral artery Roman numerals, cranial nerves.) (From Ozveren MF, Ture U, Ozek MM, et al. 10.1 Anterior view of the left cerebellopontine angle showing the origin of CN X at the postolivary sulcus of the medulla. Special sensory for taste from the epiglottis, hard and soft palates and pharynx.įig. Visceral sensory from pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, heart, esophagus, stomach, other thoracoabdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure, aortic arch baroreceptors, aortic body chemoreceptors. Somatic sensory from ear, external auditory meatus, external surface of the tympanic membrane, dura of posterior cranial fossa, larynx. Visceral motor (parasympathetic) to smooth muscles and glands of pharynx (via pharyngeal plexus), larynx, heart, esophagus, stomach, and other thoracoabdominal viscera down to the splenic flexure. Branchial motor to pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, including palatoglossus.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |